Suchergebnisse
the trouble with physics: the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next
Autor/Autoren: Lee Smolin
Herausgeber: Houghton Mifflin
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Physics] [Science] [Physics (General)] [Science/Mathematics] [Astronomie] [Physik] [Physik; Einführung (pop.)] [String-Theorie] [Theoretische Physik] [20th century] [History] [Methodology] [String models]
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Ein Kapitel zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Vorab eine Warnung: Die Darstellung der Stringtheorie ist nicht(!) das
Anliegen dieses Buches. Wer hier eine populärwissenschaftliche Erklärung
sucht sollte nach anderen Sachbüchern Ausschau halten. Dem Autor gelingt es
aber zumindest auf dem Niveau eines Sachbuches viele diesem Denksansatz
zugrundeliegende Gedanken sehr eingängig darzustellen. Er tut dies ohne
Rückgriff auf umfangreiche mathematische Ableitungen (die wirft er grade
der Stringtheorie vor), bringt stattdessen Analogien und einige
illustrative Abbildungen geometrischer Modelle (die wie er darlegt grade
die Grundlage der Theorie sind).
Er ist ein ausgewiesener Theoretiker der die Jahre der Stringtheorie
mit erlebt und zum Teil gestaltet hat und das bedeutet, daß er fundiert die
Interessenlage darlegen kann: warum die Theorie erst gar nicht anerkannt
war, warum sie in 2 "Revolutionen" immer mehr Anhänger fand, die immer mehr
Lehrstühle besetzten die immer mehr neue Doktoranden anleiteten die ....
Daß auch immer mehr Parameter in die Stringtheorie eingingen die zu immer
mehr neuen Modellen führten hat nach Smolin diese Entwicklung - die
ursprünglich zu einer(!) Theorie führen sollte - unterstützt.
So setzt sich eine Meinung durch die dann durch Vergabe von
Fördermitteln über die berufliche Zukunft der nachfolgenden Generation
entscheidet, auch wenn die Theorie noch keine (nach Smolin) wesentlichen
Zuwächse an Erkenntnis gebracht hat wie es in den Jahrhunderten zuvor der
Fall war.
An dieser Stelle wird das Buch zu einem fundierten und auch mit
Vergnügen zu lesenden Einblick in die Wissenschaftsgeschichte (und
-politik?) am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Ein hochinteressanter Einblick in die moderne Wissenschaftskultur
Lee Smolin argumentiert, daß die Grundlagenforschung in der Physik in
einer Sackgasse steckt, weil sie in den letzten dreißig Jahren keine
wirklichen Fortschritte mehr gemacht hat. Seiner Meinung nach liegt das
Hauptproblem darin, daß die vorherrschende Art, Physik zu betreiben noch
aus einer Zeit stammt, als der wesentliche Umbruch mit der Quantentheorie
bereits stattgefunden hat, und es dann darum ging, diesen Ansatz bis aufs
Äußerste auszureizen. Doch seiner Meinung funktioniert dieser Ansatz jetzt
nicht mehr, und es ist wieder Zeit, daß man mehr "Visionäre" benötigt, die
grundlegende Annahmen in Frage stellen und völlig neue Ansätze erfinden.
Ich bin kein Physiker, und auch wenn Lee Smolin sich viel Mühe gibt,
die theoretischen Probleme mit der Stringtheorie allgemeinverständlich zu
erklären, so kann dies immer nur eine Ahnung sein. Letztendlich sehe ich
die ganze Diskussion, ob Stringtheorie richtig ist oder nicht, relativ
leidenschaftslos.
Was ich sehr interessant fand, war die Analyse der
Physikergemeinschaft innerhalb der Stringtheorie, der Smolin die hinteren
Kapitel des Buches widmet. Seiner Meinung nach liegt ein Teil des Problems
auch darin, daß sich in der Stringtheorie eine Wissenschaftskultur
herausgebildet hat, die der Wahrheitsfindung abträglich ist. Es herrscht
ein starker Gruppenzwang, zum Beispiel, die Rolle der Stringtheorie nicht
in Frage zu stellen, oder an bestimmten Problemen zu arbeiten, die einige
wenige führende Köpfe als die momentan relevanten Fragestellungen
verkünden. Das ganze geht laut Smolin sogar soweit, daß der einzelne
Doktorand sich nicht erlauben kann, sich in dem Maße eine eigene Meinung zu
bilden und diese zu äußern, wie es eigentlich idealerweise möglich sein
sollte.
Ich denke, daß Smolin hier eine durchaus allgemeine, aber hoffentlich
nicht allgegenwärtige) Entwicklung in der Wissenschaft anspricht, welche
auch eine Begleiterscheinung der Art und Weise ist, wie die Wissenschaft
"modernisiert" wird. Forschungsprojekte kommen immer häufiger in den
Rechtfertigungszwang, schnell zu wirtschaftlich meßbaren Ergebnissen zu
führen. Daß dies es schwierig macht, bei der Außendarstellung des Projektes
die nötige Ehrlichkeit und Selbstkritik walten zu lassen, ist
nachvollziehbar, aber mit den wissenschaftlichen Idealen letztendlich nicht
vereinbar.
Smolins Vorschlag, daß wir "einfach wieder mehr Menschen einstellen
müssen", die sich auch mal wieder mit Grundlageproblemen beschäftigen, und
sich keine Meinung um den Mainstream machen, erscheint mir dann wieder zu
idealisitisch. Ohne ein grundlegende Änderung der Rahmenbedingungen wird
das nicht zu machen sein.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Toll
Lee Smolin beschreibt die aktuelle "Krise" der Theoretischen Physik.
Dabei begründet Smolin, warum er das, was die große Mehrheit der
Theoretischen Physiker für die größte Errungenschaft der letzten Jahrzehnte
hält nämlich die Stringtheorie, eigentliche eine Krise ist. Das
Hauptargument ist, vereinfacht dargestellt, dass die Stringtheorie keine
messbaren Vorhersagen macht. Smolin stellt dann dar, wie aus einer
wissenschaftlichen Theorie langsam eine Art Religion wird. So gibt es nach
Smolin klassische Immunisierungstendenzen innerhalb der Stringtheorie, die
es ermöglichen, dass sich alles mit Hilfe der Stringtheorie erklären lässt.
Unabhängig von der eigenen Meinung ist es wichtig, dieses Buch zu
lesen. Es zeigt auf, welchen Gefahren sich die Physik aussetzt, wenn es
keine Möglichkeiten mehr zur Forschung basierend auf alternativen Ansätzen
zur herrschenden Mehrheitsmeinung gibt. Dies hat nicht nur Auswirkungen auf
die Erkenntnisse der Physik, sondern, so Smolin, auch auf das
Wissenschaftsverständnis innerhalb der Physik.
Für Leser mit physikalischen Vorkenntnissen ist dieses Buch leicht zu
verstehen. Mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit wird es noch leichter sein, wenn
es eine deutsche Ausgabe gibt, was ich diesem Buch wünsche.
Für mich ist dieses Buch ein Muss für jeden, der sich für
Wissenschaft und insbesondere für Physik interessiert.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): wahrscheinlich ein zukünftiger Klassiker
Endlich ein Physiker mit fachlicher Autorität, philosophischem Talent
und Fähigkeit zur Kritik am eigenen Fachgebiet und der eigenen Community!
Schon bei seinen letzten Büchern "Warum gibt es die Welt? Die
Evolution des Kosmos" und "Three Roads to Quantum Gravity" hatte ich das
starke Gefühl, hier schreibt kein Mathe-Typ, kein Fachidiot, kein
Reduktionist, wie man sie zur Genüge kennt, leider auch in der Rolle als
Möchtegern-Philosophen, sondern hier schreibt einer der Art, auf die man in
der Physik fast nicht mehr zu hoffen wagte: ein Grundlagendenker, einer,
von dem man noch hören wird.
Das nächste Buch war zunächst über ein Jahr unter dem Titel "All
strung out" (frei übersetzt: Es hat sich ausgestringt) angekündigt, aber
dann hat es doch noch mal gedauert. Eigentlich wäre man schon mit einer
Darstellung der neuesten Erkenntnisse auf den Gebieten Quantengravitation
und Stringtheorie zufrieden gewesen. Smolin liefert sie, und noch viel
mehr: eine Kritik an der Superstring-Theorie im Speziellen, an der
betriebsblinden Superstring-Community im Allgemeineren, und an der
Mainstream-Wissenschaft ganz im Allgemeinen.
Lee Smolin schreibt das alles nicht aus Selbstgerechtigkeit oder
Verbiesterung. Er will Physiker und interessierte Öffentlichkeit zum
Umdenken bewegen. Ich kann nur hoffen, es gelingt ihm. Und dass die
Alternativen oder Ergänzungen zur Stringstheorie sich als so
vielversprechend erweisen, wie er es hofft.
Ein Buch, das man liest, und dann eigentlich gleich noch mal lesen
möchte, weil es so informativ, so tief, so weitblickend und so persönlich
ist. Große Klasse!
the demon-haunted world: science as a candle in the dark
Autor/Autoren: Carl Sagan
Herausgeber: Ballantine Books
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Controversial Knowledge] [Philosophy & Social Aspects] [Science] [Science/Mathematics] [Naturwissenschaften] [Technik allg.] [General] [Literacy] [Methodology] [Popular works] [Study and teaching]
Carl Sagan muses on the current state of scientific thought, which
offers him marvellous opportunities to entertain us with his own childhood
experiences, the newspaper morgues, UFO stories and the assorted flotsam
and jetsam of pseudoscience. Along the way he debunks alien abduction,
faith-healing and channelling, refutes the arguments that science destroys
spirituality, and provides a "baloney detection kit" for thinking through
political, social, religious and other issues. Amazon.co.uk
Carl Sagan muses on the current state of scientific thought, which
offers him marvelous opportunities to entertain us with his own childhood
experiences, the newspaper morgues, UFO stories, and the assorted flotsam
and jetsam of pseudoscience. Along the way he debunks alien abduction,
faith-healing, and channeling; refutes the arguments that science destroys
spirituality, and provides a "baloney detection kit" for thinking through
political, social, religious, and other issues. Amazon.com
Kundenmeinungen:
++ (ein Amazon Kunde): the science haunted world
Sagan has written a book not on skepticism but debunking. His entire
book is one long tirade on what he calls pseudo science. As one finishes
the book, I got the impression that anything that doesnt fit the
"scientific" paradigm, is not worth considering. This is a dangerous view
to say the least. We know there is truth and that one must look at all
the evidence to find it. True scientific method follows this principle.
This book is one mans opinion on what reality is. But to claim it as
scientific doesnt make sense. Who said the scientific view of reality is
the only correct one? Buddhists believe that reality can be gained by
direct insight. All science can be reduced to skepticism. I agree with
skepticism, since there are two sides to anything. Yet Sagan denies the
evidence for the subjects he critiques, or dismisses it as irrational or
impossible. Thus he portrays science as a candle in a dark irrational
world, enlightning us toward the truth. In fact, all it does is enlighten
us to what others consider to be true, but may not be true at all. The
danger in Sagans book is the same danger there is in any book that
presents only one side of the evidence, people believe it without
questioning it. Science is not immune to skepticism. Yet the information
presented in Sagans book critiques the paranormal while extolling science
as our saviour. A true skeptic would question science itself and its
methods, which many scientists do not do. Science as portrayed in this
book is not science at all, but religion. It is religion because sagan and
others believe it without hardly a question. A true scientist is a great
skeptic, questioning and doubting everything and examining everything. I
doubt there are many scientists like that today. Sagans book surely does
not qualify as such. But he gives us an insight into his thinking and the
"science" haunted world.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): A Brilliant Mind, A Brilliant Book
It was because of my interest in what Sagan term\'s "Pseudoscience" that
a die-hard skeptic suggested that I read SCIENCE AS A CANDLE IN THE DARK as
a reality check. While I don\'t agree with 100% of Sagan\'s perspective, I
respect the man and his work. This invaluable book should be a primer for
Humanities and Science courses, especially in the context of the Post Cold
War Era where the "Next" culture searches for direction and meaning.
Sagan\'s work provides American Culture with a much needed historical
context for growth, poking and prodding in the areas where he challenges
the quality of our thinking and insists that we are offered the choice to
take either the high road of critical thinking, or the low road of a
"dumbed down" entertainment-obsessed brave new world. The sections on
Edward Teller and Frederick Douglas were especially illuminating. Don\'t
miss out on finding out more about them as Sagan presents biographical
data that will blow your mind. Where I disagree with Sagan is his thesis
at the beginning of the book; the generalization, "Occasionally we
hallucinate. We are error-prone" hardly accounts for ALL phenomena, but
then Sagan is quick to respond, "But of course I might be wrong," modeling
the kind of good scientist he advocates others explore becoming. And
while I find his explanation of the UFO phenomena of the 1940s through the
present to be the most cogent arguement against the reality of "alien
abductions," I don\'t find Sagan advocating the study of other phenomena,
like evidential mediumship. There doesn\'t appear to be any room for
study, he\'s summed up the likely origins for all pseudoscience: "Miracles
are attested, but what if they\'re instead some mix of charlatanry,
unfamiliar states of consciousness, misapprehensions of natural phenomena,
and mental illness?" The beauty of this book is that Sagan posits more
than he seeks to have the last word, and that should engender the respect
of skeptic and pseudoscientist alike. I loved this book, and Sagan\'s
wonderful, subtle humor -- don\'t miss this rare and informative treat.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): brilliant
I\'ve taken in more about science from this one book alone,than what i
ever did from my 12 years at school,carl sagan was without doubt a master
of his trade.for somebody like myself who doesnt read to many books i found
this very easy to follow,where everything was explained in the simplest of
ways.the book has tons of scientific information that often left awe
inspired,i found myself reading paragraphs and sometimes pages two or three
times just trying to take in what was being written (not that im considerd
thick you understand).ufos,aliens,telepathy,seances,fairies and atlantis
are just some of issues tackled.a magic read and recomended to anyone with
any intrest in science.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Another Excellent Book By Author Of Cosmos
Another excellent piece of work by Carl Sagan. This book is a must read
for everyone. Dr. Sagan has done a marvelous job examining how
pseudo-science works and what are it\'s effects. At times he seems irritated
due to the fact that scientists of the past have not worked towards
popularizing science and I think he is totally justified for that. Today, a
lot of problems which scientists and scientific organizations face are due
to the indifferent and elitist behavior of scientists of the past. On the
whole as good a book as any other by Carl Sagan.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Carl Sagan's best work and a must for everyone
Society has become increasingly superstitious and religious, and
science education and critical thinking are ridiculously lacking. Carl
Sagan did what I wish all scientists could do: he presented rational and
critical thinking in an accessible manner. He made science fun and
wondrous, which so many people forget it is. "Demon-Haunted World" is one
of the best books I have ever read. This was one book I could not put
down. If more scientists had Mr. Sagan\'s charm and writing talent, we
might have an easier time keeping kids interested in science, and getting
them to think rationally.
the craft of research (chicago guides to writing, editing, & publishing)
Autor/Autoren: Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams
Herausgeber: University of Chicago Press
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Research methods: general] [linguistics] [Research] [Research & Methodology] [Science] [Research And Report Writing] [Technology & Engineering] [Science/Mathematics] [Nachschlagewerke] [Science / Research & Methodology] [Wissenschaftliche Arbeit] [General Knowledge] [Methodology] [Technical Writing] [Library & Information Science]
case study research: design and methods (applied social research methods)
Autor/Autoren: Robert K. Yin
Herausgeber: Sage Publications
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Research methods: general] [Research] [Social Science] [Sociology] [Politikwissenschaft] [Soziologie] [Case Studies] [Methodology] [Social Science / Research] [Fallstudie] [Case method] [Social sciences] [Social Sciences: Textbooks & Study Guides]
introducing nlp: psychological skills for understanding and influencing people
Autor/Autoren: Joseph O'Connor, John Seymour
Herausgeber: Thorsons
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Communication Studies] [Historical & comparative linguistics] [Popular Psychology] [Psycholinguistics] [Psychological methodology] [Neurolinguistic programming] [Psychology] [Interpersonal Relations] [Personal Growth - General] [Personal Growth - Success] [Self-Help / Personal Growth / Success] [Applied Psychology]
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): a good NLP cookbook
A very good introduction to the major techniques of NLP--almost like a
cookbook of NLP. Very easy to follow. But it\'s just the beginning; don\'t
expect to get the full meaning from just this book, but it\'s a great start
for any beginner. I suggest it as the first book to read on NLP along with
"The Structure of Magic".
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Excellent book
Excellent book. It explains all the basics of NLP. It is a wonderful
hand book for those who want to know what NLP is all about. Well written
and clearly explained.
+++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Komplexe Einführung
Seymours Einführung in die neuroliguistische Programmierung ist für den
NLP-Neuling sehr komplex. Da gibt es verständlichere Werke. Allerdings
führt Seymour sehr umfassend in die Materie ein. Da in diesem Werk sehr
stark der Focus auf therapeutischer Arbeit, und bspw. nicht so sehr im
Business- oder Alltagsbereich liegt, nur die drei Sterne!
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Perfect overview of many NLP techniques
The cool thing about this book is that it is almost a
cookbook full of many different NLP recipies.
For NLP beginners, it\'s a great place to start. For those
with more experience, it makes a nice motivator and
reminder.
case study research. design and methods: 005 (applied social research)
Autor/Autoren: Robert K. Yin
Herausgeber: B&T
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Research methods: general] [Social research & statistics] [CASE method.] [Social Science] [Sociology] [Politikwissenschaft] [Soziologie] [Research] [Research & Methodology] [Social Science / Research] [Fallstudie] [Methodology] [Social Sciences] [Sociology & Anthropology: Professional]
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): A complete and detailed guide for conducting case studies
This book offers a very complete and detailed guide into conducting
case study research, which is not only useful for researchers in social
sciences, but also for business research. It is virtually the only book on
case study research at this level and practically helps researchers that
are planning to conduct case study research to avoid the pitfalls that are
luring for this complex and difficult research strategy/design and which
pitfalls have made the case study approach not so popular in the academic
community that deals with business research.
the craft of research (chicago guides to writing, editing, & publishing)
Autor/Autoren: Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams
Herausgeber: B&T
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Encyclopaedias & reference works] [Research methods: general] [Writing skills] [Research - Methodology.] [Science] [Science/Mathematics] [Research] [Research & Methodology] [Science / Research & Methodology] [Wissenschaftliche Arbeit] [General Knowledge] [Methodology] [Technical writing] [Encyclopedias & General Reference]
Skillfully done, research can be the solid cornerstone of your term
paper (or dissertation, essay, or article); inadequately executed, it can
cause your whole project to crumble and fall. Yet essential as research is
to the ultimate success of your work, performing it is not an innate
talent. The precepts, steps, and skills of solid research are readily
acquired if you spend some time with The Craft of Research before you
start on your outlines and thesis statements. Written by three
distinguished professors in 1995, published by the University of Chicago,
and winner of the 1995-96 Critics' Choice Award, The Craft of Research
teaches how to plan, carry out, and report on research for any field and at
any level. Aimed at assisting student researchers, from raw beginners to
accomplished graduate and professional students, the book shows how to
choose a topic, plan and organize research, and how to draft and revise a
report of findings such that a convincing solution is offered to a
significant problem. The Craft of Research is more than just another
instruction manual getting you from topic to outline to notes to report.
Recognizing that good research is rarely a simple, sequential procedure,
but is instead a complex and intricate process, it discusses the subtle
ways in which asking questions about your topic can influence how you draft
your report, how a quality introduction can send you back to the library,
and how the process of drafting can highlight flaws in your argument that
need to be addressed. Clear and explicit, sophisticated and practical, The
Craft of Research encourages high standards of scholarly achievement, and
spells out the steps by which to get there. --Stephanie Gold Amazon.com
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Mandatory for all researchers
This is a great book on writing a research report, useful for both
beginners and seasoned researchers. It walks you through all the phases of
your research project, starting from picking up your topic, through the
actual research, note-taking, to writing up your findings, down to sentence
level structure and style. For me a most useful part of the book was the
beginning: finding a topic, defining your research problem, qualifying it,
and determining your warrants; especially revealing was the relationship
between your research problem and a wider body of theory, and how you must
be explicit about your "warrants" to make a real contribution to
"knowledge" or to "solving a practical problem." Even though I had read
many other books on writing such as "The Clockwork Muse" or "Writing Your
Dissertation in 15 Minutes a Day" none was as explicit as this one on how
to combine both Research and Writing (the other books assume that writing
a research project entails a progressive, smooth process: you pick a
topic, you research it, and you write up your conclusions/findings),
nothing farther from the truth; as I learned from painful experience and
as was made explicit by this book, to my relief, a research project is a
dynamic process in which research and writing go together; they complement
and reinforce each other. This book teaches you just how to do this and
it was the greatest lesson I learned.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Excellent mastering the art of writing dissertations
The content of the book is special and concise for the researcher for
writing. Though there are many books discussing about the writing of the
dissertation, this book uses a good and informed approach to guide the
reader. Hence, this book is deserved to buy and keep in the bookself at
home.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): very helpful in starting your research
i am a beginner in conducting research and i found that this book is
extremely helpful to me. i would like to recommend this to all the
students.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Incredible!
To me it was easy. Before read this book a lot of my scientific papers
were regret by editors... After read it, I got three accepted manuscrips!!!
(one in a top journal). I think that the ideas in this book improve my
write skills.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Very helpful!
This book is a must at any stage of research for students (and
professors) of all levels. The book offers examples from diverse
disciplines (English, Chemistry, Sociology) and offers advice applicable to
all fields. It\'s an incredibly simple read. Some parts are less useful
than others, but overall, the publication is very helpful.
dead reckoning: calculating without instruments
Autor/Autoren: Ronald E. Doerfler
Herausgeber: Gulf Publishing Company
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Mathematics for scientists & engineers] [Numerical analysis] [Arithmetic] [Engineering (General)] [General] [Mathematics] [Science] [Science/Mathematics] [Mathematik] [Medizin] [Naturwissenschaften] [Technik] [Mathematik; Einführung (pop.)] [Research & Methodology] [Ready-reckoners]
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Compact, Motivating, Ingenious!
If "mental calculators" were a denomination, this book would
undoubtedly be their bible! I don\'t need to repeat the content of it, but I
have to underline how deeply researched, engaging and motivating it is.
Having read this book I began to memorize a table of logarithms, I
started to find out how to improve some of the given formulas; every time
I\'m bored I took and still take some numbers and calculate e.g. the square
roots of them.
On the one hand it is simply fascinating how efficient some things
can be approximated mentally; on the other hand you also may feel a little
bit proud about the abilities you\'ve learned with "Dead Reckoning".
Furthermore mental calculation improves your concentration and keeps your
brain running. And it just is fun to calculate things like trigonometric
functions!
When you are overwhelmed by the mass of formulas you don\'t have to
worry. There are two possibilities: Either you decide simply not to use the
formula - some of them you really don\'t need often (especially the
derivation of some formulas). Or you bite the bullet and try to unterstand
what this formula does. With a bit of school mathematics and a little bit
of intellect everyone should be able to do this.
This book loses one star in my assessment because there are (for my
taste) too much typos (visit the site www.myreckonings.com, where all typos
are listed and corrected). But that doesn\'t affect the fact that it gains
full score: Without those typos it would have got 6 stars!
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): The magnum opus of mental arithmetic!
Imagine transforming your mind into a slide-rule with the added bonus
of extra precision! "Dead Reckoning" is the ONLY book of its kind, running
the gamut from ordinary operations like multiplication and division to
roots (square, higher-order, and reciprocal), logarithms and their
inverses, and finally trigonometric functions and their inverses. The book
also contains other gems such as factorization techniques, continued
fractions (for creating rational approximations), and also an algorithm
which permits mental square root extractions to arbitrary precision. Those
who feel daunted by symbolic formulas needn\'t worry, the book is replete
with examples which provide both clarity and realism to the presentation.
The author has an engaging style and has obviously taken great pains; the
clarity of the exposition is excellent throughout. Moreover, the text is
profusely referenced for those wishing to further pursue a topic that
piques their interest. The techniques and strategies contained therein are
as practical as they are efficient and are equally amenable to quick
pen-and-paper calculations for those not interested in pursuing mental
computations. Heartily recommended! - Grant Nixon
explaining social behavior: more nuts and bolts for the social sciences
Autor/Autoren: Jon Elster
Herausgeber: Cambridge University Pr.
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Social & political philosophy] [Social research & statistics] [Social theory] [Sociology, Social Studies] [Social Science] [Philosophy] [Sociology] [Allgemeines, Lexika] [Philosophie] [General] [Philosophy / General] [Methodology] [Social Sciences] [Social interaction]
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Die Summe des Elsterschen Denkens
Vor 18 Jahren veröffentlichte Elster den Vorläufer dieses Buches unter
dem Titel "Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences". Auf rund 200 Seiten
stellte es fast alles vor, was man als Sozialwissenschaftler in Umrissen zu
wissen hatte. Nun hat er den Umfang des Buches mehr als verdoppelt, und man
ist als Leser mehr als beeindruckt.
Elster ist nicht nur una gazza ladra (wobei seine Entwendungen völlig
legal sind), er ist auch ein Tausendsassa der wissenschaftlichen
Disziplinen: Ökonomik (inkl. Verhaltensökonomik), Kognitive Psychologie,
Evolutionsbiologie, Physiologie, Neurowissenschaften, Geschichte,
Soziologie, Verfassungsrecht und nicht zuletzt die belles lettres, zum
Beispiel Bücher von Proust, La Rochefoucauld und Stendhal. Der meist
zitierte Autor dürfte Alexis de Tocqueville sein.
In 26 Kapiteln werden behandelt unter anderem: Erklärung,
Mechanismen, Interpretation, Eigenin-teresse und Altruismus, Emotionen,
Personen und Situationen, Rational Choice, Reaktionen auf Irra-tionalität,
Nichtintendierte Konsequenzen, Vertrauen, Soziale Normen, Kollektives
Verhalten sowie Organisationen und Institutionen.
Eine wichtiger Gegner Elsters ist der Obskurantismus, den er
einerseits in den weichen Sozialwissenschaften erkennt (Lacans
Psychoanalyse, Postmodernismus, Dekonstruktivismus, Postkolonialismus
etc.), andererseits in einer Ökonomik, die nur noch mathematische Modelle
konstruiert, ohne sich um Gegenstandsbezüge und empirischen Gehalt
irgendwelche Gedanken zu machen.
Jedes Kapitel wird durch bibliographische Hinweise abgerundet.
Sehr brauchbar und reizvoll sind 46 puzzles, die Elster auch selbst
löst:
Warum gilt häufig der Satz "Wer verletzt hat, kann nicht vergeben"?
Warum ist in manchen Kulturen Scham wichtiger als Schuld?
Warum haben Personen verfolgten Juden während der NS-Zeit geholfen?
Warum nehmen auch solche Personen an politischen Wahlen teil, die
sich sicher sind, dass ihre Stimme keinerlei Einfluss auf das Wahlergebnis
hat?
Warum sind reiche Personen in westlichen Gesellschaften im
Durchschnitt wesentlich schlanker als arme Personen?
Die Lösungen, die nicht in jedem Fall meine Zustimmung finden, sind
oft verblüffend. Deswegen möchte ich auch keine verraten. Wer das Buch mit
einiger Sorgfalt gelesen hat, wird sie zumindest verstehen.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): Simply put- indispensible
Jon Elster has a long history of being one of the most usefull people
in the social sciences. This book, despite its dull name, is wonderful.
Anyone interested in rational choice should make this a first stop-
Elster\'s attempt isn\'t worth missing.
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): A well-written summary of Elster's main themes.
A very cogent summary of Elster\'s main themes: rationality and how one
departs from it, especially from the static notion common in current
rational choice theory. Anyone interested in rationality and departures
from rationality--a topic much-ignored in current thinking and applications
of rational choice theory-- should read this book. While I don\'t find that
I agree with every conclusion Elster makes, he does make me think hard,
which is about the best I ever expect.
real world research: a resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers: a resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (regional surveys of the world)
Autor/Autoren: Colin Robson
Herausgeber: Blackwell Publishers
Taschenbuch
Stichworte: [Social research & statistics] [Social sciences - Research - Methodology.] [Methodology] [Research] [Research & Methodology] [Sociology] [Psychology] [Allgemeines] [Politikwissenschaft] [Soziologie] [Social Science / Research] [Sozialforschung] [Statistics] [Social Sciences] [Sociology & Anthropology: Professional]
Kundenmeinungen:
+++++ (ein Amazon Kunde): A review of Real World Research
As the title suggests, this book is for researchers faced with \'real
world\' challenges like limited time, money and the need to address a
presenting problem or issue. Its chapters cover everything from how to
write a research proposal to getting your research published and acting on
your findings. In between, the reader is offered overviews on different
data collection and analysis methods covering quantitative and qualitative
approaches. Pages 244-6 offer an example of a well set-out questionnaire -
something that anyone who has ever sat down to design a survey has
probably wished for. Real World Research will suit people from a variety
of disciplines including health, education and the social sciences who are
looking for a book to guide them through the research process. Well
written and easy to read, it is also comprehensive enough to suit the
\'dabbler\' who wants to learn about a particular methodology but doesn\'t
want commit themselves to an entire book on the one approach.
Begriffe
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